Here are 30 phrasal verbs with **turn**, along with detailed explanations and examples: 1. **turn up** – **to arrive or appear, often unexpectedly, or to increase the volume or intensity** **Base meaning:** “turn” means “to change direction or adjust.” **Extended meaning:** “up” adds the sense of increasing or appearing. • _She turned up at the party without an invitation._ (She appeared unexpectedly.) • _Can you turn up the volume? I can’t hear the music._ (The speaker is asking to increase the sound.) 2. **turn down** – **to reject or lower the volume or intensity** **Base meaning:** “turn” means “to change direction or adjust.” **Extended meaning:** “down” adds the sense of decreasing or refusing. • _He turned down the job offer because it wasn’t a good fit._ (He rejected the offer.) • _Could you turn down the TV? It’s too loud._ (The speaker is asking to lower the volume.) 3. **turn on** – **to activate or switch on something, or to become interested in or excited by something** **Base meaning:** “turn” means “to change direction or position.” **Extended meaning:** “on” adds the sense of starting or activating. • _She turned on the lights when it got dark._ (She activated the lights.) • _That documentary really turned him on to history._ (It sparked his interest in history.) 4. **turn off** – **to deactivate or switch off something, or to cause someone to lose interest** **Base meaning:** “turn” means “to change direction or position.” **Extended meaning:** “off” adds the sense of stopping or deactivating. • _Don’t forget to turn off the oven after cooking._ (Deactivate the oven.) • _His rude comments really turned me off._ (His comments caused me to lose interest.) 5. **turn around** – **to reverse direction or improve a situation** **Base meaning:** “turn” means “to change direction.” **Extended meaning:** “around” adds the sense of completely reversing or changing. • _We turned around when we realized we were going the wrong way._ (We changed direction.) • _The new manager turned the company around in just a year._ (The manager improved the company’s performance.) 6. **turn in** – **to submit something, or to go to bed** **Base meaning:** “turn” means “to change position.” **Extended meaning:** “in” adds the sense of submitting or retiring. • _Please turn in your homework by Friday._ (Submit your homework.) • _I’m tired; I think I’ll turn in early tonight._ (The speaker plans to go to bed early.) 7. **turn out** – **to result in a particular way, or to attend an event** **Base meaning:** “turn” means “to change or transform.” **Extended meaning:** “out” adds the sense of producing a result or appearing. • _The event turned out better than we expected._ (It had a better result.) • _A large crowd turned out for the concert._ (A lot of people attended.) 8. **turn away** – **to refuse entry or reject someone** **Base meaning:** “turn” means “to direct elsewhere.” **Extended meaning:** “away” adds the sense of refusing or denying entry. • _They turned away people without tickets at the door._ (They refused entry to those without tickets.) • _She was turned away from the interview because she was late._ (She was rejected for being late.) 9. **turn against** – **to stop supporting someone and become opposed to them** **Base meaning:** “turn” means “to change position.” **Extended meaning:** “against” adds the sense of becoming hostile or unsupportive. • _The public turned against the politician after the scandal._ (The public stopped supporting the politician.) • _He turned against his former business partner after their disagreement._ (He became opposed to his partner.) 10. **turn into** – **to transform or change into something different** **Base meaning:** “turn” means “to change.” **Extended meaning:** “into” adds the sense of becoming something else. • _The caterpillar turned into a butterfly._ (It transformed into a butterfly.) • _Her hobby turned into a successful business._ (It evolved into a business.) 11. **turn up at** – **to arrive unexpectedly or without planning** **Base meaning:** “turn” means “to arrive or appear.” **Extended meaning:** “up at” adds the sense of arriving at a specific place. • _She turned up at my house without warning._ (She appeared unexpectedly at the house.) • _He turned up at the office after being absent for a week._ (He arrived at the office suddenly.) 12. **turn down for** – **to reject someone or something for a specific reason** **Base meaning:** “turn” means “to refuse or reject.” **Extended meaning:** “down for” adds the sense of declining because of something specific. • _She was turned down for the job due to lack of experience._ (She was rejected for the job.) • _He turned down the invitation for personal reasons._ (He declined the invitation.) 13. **turn to** – **to seek help, advice, or support from someone** **Base meaning:** “turn” means “to direct attention or focus.” **Extended meaning:** “to” adds the sense of directing oneself toward someone or something. • _When she was in trouble, she turned to her friends for help._ (She sought help from her friends.) • _He turned to his mentor for career advice._ (He asked his mentor for advice.) 14. **turn off by** – **to be repelled or lose interest because of something** **Base meaning:** “turn” means “to stop or lose interest.” **Extended meaning:** “off by” adds the sense of being repelled by a specific factor. • _She was turned off by his rude behavior._ (His behavior made her lose interest.) • _The noise turned me off from studying in the café._ (The noise repelled me from studying there.) 15. **turn up with** – **to arrive somewhere carrying something** **Base meaning:** “turn” means “to arrive.” **Extended meaning:** “up with” adds the sense of arriving with something in hand. • _He turned up with flowers for her birthday._ (He arrived carrying flowers.) • _She turned up with a delicious cake at the party._ (She brought a cake to the party.) 16. **turn down on** – **to decrease the intensity of something for a specific purpose** **Base meaning:** “turn” means “to reduce or lower.” **Extended meaning:** “down on” adds the sense of reducing for a particular reason. • _They turned down the lights on stage to create a more intimate atmosphere._ (They reduced the lighting for ambiance.) • _Can you turn down the heat on the stove? It’s too high for simmering._ (The speaker asks to lower the stove’s heat.) 17. **turn up the heat** – **to increase pressure or intensity on a situation** **Base meaning:** “turn” means “to increase.” **Extended meaning:** “up the heat” adds the sense of intensifying pressure. • _The coach turned up the heat on the team before the final game._ (The coach increased the pressure.) • _The company turned up the heat on its competitors with a new product launch._ (The company increased the competition.) 18. **turn out to be** – **to result in becoming something or someone unexpected** **Base meaning:** “turn” means “to change or result.” **Extended meaning:** “out to be” adds the sense of revealing an unexpected result. • _The event turned out to be a huge success._ (The result was successful.) • _The shy student turned out to be a great leader._ (He became something unexpected.) 19. **turn down the chance** – **to refuse or reject an opportunity** **Base meaning:** “turn” means “to refuse.” **Extended meaning:** “down the chance” adds the sense of declining an opportunity. • _She turned down the chance to work abroad._ (She rejected the opportunity.) • _He turned down the chance to meet the celebrity._ (He declined the offer.) 20. **turn in for the night** – **to go to bed or retire for sleep** **Base meaning:** “turn” means “to change state.” **Extended meaning:** “in for the night” adds the sense of ending the day by going to sleep. • _After a long day, I’m ready to turn in for the night._ (The speaker is ready to go to bed.) • _We turned in early because we had to wake up early the next day._ (They went to bed early.) 21. **turn up missing** – **to be found missing or unaccounted for** **Base meaning:** “turn” means “to appear or be found.” **Extended meaning:** “up missing” adds the sense of being discovered as absent. • _The keys turned up missing after the party._ (The keys were found to be missing.) • *Several important documents turned up missing after the audit.* (Documents were discovered missing.) 22. **turn over** – **to transfer responsibility or control to someone else** **Base meaning:** “turn” means “to change hands or direction.” **Extended meaning:** “over” adds the sense of handing off or transferring. • _He turned over the keys to the new owner of the house._ (He gave the keys to the new owner.) • _The manager turned over the project to her team._ (She transferred control of the project.) 23. **turn against someone** – **to become hostile toward someone who was once trusted** **Base meaning:** “turn” means “to change position or attitude.” **Extended meaning:** “against someone” adds the sense of becoming hostile toward a person. • _He turned against his best friend after a major argument._ (He became hostile toward his friend.) • _The public turned against the celebrity after the scandal._ (The public stopped supporting the celebrity.) 24. **turn in someone** – **to report someone to the authorities** **Base meaning:** “turn” means “to deliver or hand over.” **Extended meaning:** “in someone” adds the sense of handing someone over to the authorities. • _He turned in the thief to the police._ (He reported the thief to the authorities.) • _She turned herself in after hearing the police were looking for her._ (She reported herself to the police.) 25. **turn away from** – **to refuse to engage or support someone or something** **Base meaning:** “turn” means “to change direction or focus.” **Extended meaning:** “away from” adds the sense of refusing to participate. • _She turned away from the offer because it didn’t align with her values._ (She refused the offer.) • _The company turned away from environmentally harmful practices._ (They stopped engaging in those practices.) 26. **turn up missing** – **to be discovered as missing or lost** **Base meaning:** “turn” means “to be found.” **Extended meaning:** “up missing” adds the sense of being discovered absent. • _The package turned up missing after the delivery._ (It was discovered that the package was lost.) • _Several files turned up missing during the audit._ (The files were found to be absent.) 27. **turn someone down flat** – **to reject someone completely without consideration** **Base meaning:** “turn” means “to refuse.” **Extended meaning:** “down flat” adds the sense of rejecting in a definitive way. • _She turned him down flat when he asked her out._ (She rejected him without hesitation.) • _The bank turned us down flat for the loan._ (The loan application was completely rejected.) 28. **turn over a new leaf** – **to make a fresh start or change one’s behavior** **Base meaning:** “turn” means “to change.” **Extended meaning:** “over a new leaf” adds the sense of starting anew. • _He’s turning over a new leaf and focusing on his health._ (He’s making a fresh start with his lifestyle.) • _She decided to turn over a new leaf and be more organized at work._ (She’s making a positive change.) 29. **turn the tables** – **to reverse a situation to gain an advantage** **Base meaning:** “turn” means “to change position or direction.” **Extended meaning:** “the tables” adds the sense of reversing roles or situations. • _They turned the tables on their competitors by launching a surprise product._ (They gained the advantage.) • _The underdog team turned the tables in the second half and won the game._ (They reversed their disadvantage.) 30. **turn up the volume** – **to increase the sound level** **Base meaning:** “turn” means “to adjust.” **Extended meaning:** “up the volume” adds the sense of increasing the intensity of sound. • _Can you turn up the volume? I can’t hear the music._ (The speaker asks to increase the sound.) • _They turned up the volume on the speaker system at the party._ (They made the sound louder.) These 30 phrasal verbs with **turn** illustrate various uses, from physically turning objects to metaphorical meanings like changing opinions or circumstances. The explanations and examples will help you use them effectively in different contexts.